melanotic macule on tongue Oral Pigmented (Purple or Brown) Lesions

Description

Sclafani G'71 Thomas J

HOW IT WORKS BOOK NOW Melanotan 2 works by activating melanocortin receptors, particularly MC1R, which stimulates melanin production in skin cells called melanocytes

[DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 253.Hetland G., Dag M., Eide M., Haugen M.H., Mirlashari M.R., Paulsen J.E

Key Points Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with oxidative stress, inflammation and profound dysregulation of lipid metabolism The combination of dyslipidemia, proteinuria, oxidative stress and inflammation in patients with CKD results in an accumulation of lipids in the artery wall and in the diseased kidney tissue The harmful effect of increased lipid influx in the kidney and arterial tissues is compounded by impaired cellular lipid efflux caused by high-density lipoprotein (HDL) deficiency and dysfunction The increase in tissue lipid burden associated with CKD leads to foam cell formation, cytotoxicity and progression of renal disease and atherosclerosis Efficacy of therapeutic interventions to retard progression of renal disease and atherosclerosis in patients with CKD depends on the ability to attenuate oxidative stress and inflammation, reverse HDL deficiency and restore HDL antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties Currently available pharmacological options that target dyslipidemia are ineffective, unsafe and/or poorly tolerated by patients with end-stage renal disease This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution Access options Subscribe to this journal Receive 12 print issues and online access $189.00 per year only $15.75 per issue Buy this article Purchase on SpringerLink Instant access to the full article PDF